This blog post was written by a young person we have worked with. She wanted to share the importance of thinking about how many cultures might have different approaches to human rights and highlight the value of taking multicultural approaches.
Human rights are seen as worldwide principles that rise above the challenge of cultural boundaries. This blog will explore and compare the multicultural perspectives through which human rights can be considered and shine a light on how cultural circumstances shape our interpretation of justice and dignity. Are they truly universal or do they favour the values and norms of certain cultures?
Our modern conception of human rights stems from Western philosophical traditions, especially during the Enlightenment. This was an intellectual movement in Europe that advocated for individual rights, reason, and scientific enquiry which challenged traditional authority and therefore established a solid foundation for modern democracy and human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), endorsed by the United Nations in 1948, acted as a global document for human rights. Even though it vocalises universal principles, it has a Western descent, therefore the values don’t sit well with different cultures. Many argue that certain rights, such as individual freedom, may clash with the values of various societies.
The discourse between cultural relativism and universalism is one of the main discussions in the human rights debate. Cultural relativists argue that human rights should be explained within the context of a specific culture and argue that forcing a universal standard would erode local customs and traditions. Universalists maintain the argument that certain rights should apply to all humans regardless of cultural background, like the right to life and freedom from torture.
While many cultures do share these overlapping values, their way of enshrining those rights may differ from the Western individualist and legal context. In collectivist societies, community welfare often overshadows individual rights. For example, the theory of “Ubuntu” in Southern Africa showcases and hones on communal support. This is different from the individualistic approach of several Western nations as personal freedoms are paramount. This level of division could lead to tension and friction, especially towards rights related to gender equality and freedom of expression.
Indigenous communities worldwide have specific cultural practices and beliefs that tend to oppose national human rights frameworks. In Canada, Indigenous rights have progressed through social movements and legal battles, which focus on the importance of self-determination and land rights. This paints a picture of how a multicultural approach can result in various understandings of rights that respect cultural identities whilst aiming for justice.
Women’s rights highlight another area where cultural views differ significantly. Traditional gender roles are deep-rooted in several cultures, and this impacts women’s rights and opportunities. Movements advocating for women’s rights tend to struggle when progressing partially because changing these norms feels it goes against with cultural preservation. However, some organisations are finding ways and techniques to work alongside traditional values with how gender equality is evolving, which makes room for equality and change.
To understand the difficulties of human rights, we need to foster a dialogue that incorporates diverse voices. Engaging with various views can enhance our comprehension and can result in solutions that respect cultural backgrounds while encouraging universal human rights. Initiatives that put intercultural exchange and collaboration first can help to fill in the gap and promote empathy.
Human rights through a cultural lens promotes a more complete understanding of what it means to uphold dignity and justice for all. Recognising the rationality of many cultural perspectives, we can form a more inclusive framework for human rights that respects diversity whilst enhancing universal values. As we consistently confront global difficulties, accepting this multifaceted approach will be essential when fostering a more equitable world.
By Judith Azenabor Omoruyi